Question

implementation using fgrep commands

Answer 1

implementation using fgrep commands

The fgrep filter is used to search for the fixed-character strings in a file. There can be multiple files also to be searched. This command is useful when you need to search for strings which contain lots of regular expression metacharacters, such as “^”, “$”, etc.

Syntax: fgrep [options] [ -e pattern_list] [pattern] [file]

Options and Descriptions  

Options	Descriptions
-c	It is used to print only a count of the lines which contain the pattern.
-h	Used to display the matched lines.
-i	During comparisions, it will ignore upper/lower case distinction.
-l	Used to print the names of files with matching lines once, separated by new-lines. It will not repeat the names of files when the pattern is found more than once.
-n	It is used precede each line by its line number in the file (first line is 1).
-s	It will only display the error messages.
-v	Print all lines except those contain the pattern.
-x	Print only lines matched entirely.
-e pattern_list	Search for a string in pattern-list (useful when the string begins with a “-“).
-f pattern-file	Take the list of patterns from pattern-file.
pattern	Specify a pattern to be used during the search for input.
file	A path name of a file to be searched for the patterns. If no file operands are specified, the standard input will be used.

Example of -c 

Example of -h

Example of -i and -l

Example of -n

Example of -v

Example of -l

Example of -i

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